INTRODUCTION: 45 D/10
The topographical map no. 45 D/10, first
edition (1961) is a quadrant sheet drawn for a special dimension of 15’X15’ on
scale 1:50,000 with the contour interval 20mtrs. The map extends from 24°30’ N to 24°45’ N and 72°30’ E
to 72°45’ east. The area was surveyed in 1959-1960 and the map was published
under the direction of Dr. Prithvish Nag, Surveyor General of India in 2003.
The magnetic variation from the true north is about 1/4° west in 1960 and
decreasing 1” annually. The previous sheet and thus the first edition published
in 1961.
The total geographical area of the map is
approximate 716 sq. km. geographically the region appears to be covering Banãskãntha district of Gujarat and Sirohi of Rajasthan. South-eastern part
of the map covered with dense deciduous type forest and small patch scrub and throny trees are found in whole map. Main River
of the region is River Sipu,
Sukli and Jhãmbua. Few
metalled road runs over the region moderately connected one settlement to
another. ABU is only the compact settlement of
the region and others are respectively Semi-compact, dispersed and hamlet in
nature.
MORPHOMETRIC ATTRIBUTE OF BROAD PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS:
|
Physiographic
Morpho unit
-metric
parameters
|
Hilly Region
|
Erosional plain
|
|
Occurrence
|
South-east
|
Rest
of the part
|
|
Approx.
area
|
30%
|
70%
|
|
Highest
elevation
|
1426m
|
300m
|
|
Lowest
elevation
|
300m
|
225m
|
|
Relative
Relief
|
1126m
|
75m
|
|
Max.
Slope
|
19°03’54”
|
1°47’58”
|
|
Min.
Slope
|
15°23’14”
|
0°53’04”
|
|
General
Slope
|
From
South-east to west
|
|
|
Drainage
frequency
|
high
|
moderate
|
|
Settlement
|
primate
|
|
|
Communication
|
developed
|
moderate
|
|
*Source: Topographical map sheet number 45 D/10.
|
||
PHYSIOGRAPHY
OF THE MAP:
This region lies in
western India on the borders of Rajasthan and Gujarat at the southern end of
the Aravalli Hills. The sheet is divided into two distinct physical divisions:-
● The Aravalli Hills rising to a height of over 1400 meters and occupying
the south-east corner. The ranges are more or less parallel and run in a NE to
SW direction.
● A large plain covers the remaining portion of the sheet. There are
frequent outcrops of rocky ground, some of it rising to over 400 m (i.e. 100 m
above the surrounding country side).
|
Peak
|
Location
|
Elevation (mtrs.)
|
|
KueKaPahar
|
C3
|
1401
|
|
BhimaliyaKaPahar
|
C3
|
1387
|
|
Deoli
|
C3
|
1352
|
|
RamkundKaPahar
|
C2
|
1327
|
|
AthviPahar
|
C2
|
1277
|
|
KaliyaDungar
|
B2
|
639
|
|
BhuniMagri
|
C2
|
437
|
|
Hara Magra
|
A2
|
413
|
|
*Source: Topographical map sheet number 45 D/10.
|
||
DRAINAGE:
In the hill area, the drainage is radial. Abu being the highest point of
the area is the centre from which the rivers radiate. In the plains, the upper
courses of the rivers are dendritic or fan shaped. The main stream Sipu Nadi rises in the hills north of
Abu and flows in a south-west direction. It is periodic and seldom exceeds ½ km
in width.Right bank tributaries of river Sipu ard Sukli Nadi, Unda Wala, and Dior Nadi while the left bank tributaries
are Sukli Nadi, unnamed river flowing past Dhavli, Devengan Nadi and Godua Nadi. Because this regions lies
close to the desert areas where the soils tend to break up easily, the water
courses are numerous and well defined for they are able to cut channels in the soft
sandy soils. They are however periodic and rely on the rainy season for the
water supply.
CLIMATE:
Because of its location in western India, it receives comparatively less
rainfall than other parts of the country. The rainfall which is between 50 to
100 cm annually falls during the monsoon season. Maximum temperatures in summer
are extremely high rising to over 47°C, while minimum temperatures in December/Jan at night often drops to
almost 0°C. High temperatures cause
excessive evaporation. This gives rise to scrub and semi-desert vegetation.
There are three climatic seasons:-
● Summer: - hot and dry, March to June.
● Monsoon: - hot and wet, July to September.
● Winter: - cool and dry, October to
February.
NATURAL VE GETATION:
The region has a dense deciduous type of vegetal cover in Aravally hilly range. Near about 40% of the total
area comes under the two state of forest respectively dense foresee with Sal
& bamboo and open mixed jungle. Rest of part mainly the plain region- scrub
and throny trees like grass, palms where there is no agriculture being
practiced.
IRRIGATION&
WATER SUPPLY:
This region is dependent on the periodic scanty Monsoonal rainfall, tanks
and wells for agriculture. Numerous dry man-made tanks (rectangular shape) and
natural ponds show the scarcity of water. People depend on wells for their drinking
water. There is only one irrigation canal near Tokra in the north-east
starting from the reservoir. But in ABU
the picture is quite better. Nakhi Talao, Alwar Talao and Kodra reservoir are jointly supply drinking water in
different sector of ABU.
|
Reservoir
|
Location
|
Purpose
|
|
Tokra reservoir
|
C1
|
Irrigation for agriculture near Sirori,
Gulabganj, Malgaon, Pamera and Wahan.
|
|
Nakki Talao
|
C2
|
Water supply to ABU
|
|
Alwar Talao
|
C2
|
Water supply to ABU
|
|
Kodra reservoir
|
C2
|
Water supply to ABUby pipeline.
|
|
Trevor
Talao
|
C2
|
Mountain lake
|
|
*Source: Topographical map sheet number 45 D/10.
|
||
OCCUPATION:
Agriculture, rearing of cattle, sheep, camels and horses are the main
occupation of 70% villagers in plain region. Beside this, concentration of
social facilities in ABU clearly shows that near about 80% dwellers engaged in
secondary, tertiary and quaternary economic activities. A small number of
populations may be engaged in lumbering in foothill hamlets beside the Aravalli
range. According to the climatic variables agriculture may practice as:-
● Winter
(Rabi): – Wheat, Barley,
Cotton.
● Monsoons (Kharif):
– Bajra, Jowar, Maize.
SETTLEMENTS:
ABU is a large hill
resort, an administrative and an educational centre of the given topographical
area. In the plains, there are numerous settlements of much smaller size of
which Revdar is the most important. The table below incorporates the
information about the settlement in the region.
|
Settlement
|
Location
|
Types
|
Services /Facilities
|
|
ABU
|
C2
|
Compact
|
Police Station, DB, Hospital, IB, Govt. HS,
Youth Hostel, Library, Sophia HS, RH, Hotel, Veterinary Hospital, Holiday Home,
Roman Catholic Church, Bank, Central
Police training collage, St. saviour’s church, Municipal Office, Rajput club,
Power House, Survey of India Office.
|
|
Anadra
|
B2
|
Semi
compact
|
PTO,DB, Police chauki, Dispensary, Temple.
|
|
Revdar
|
A2
|
Semi
compact
|
PTO, DB, Police chauki, Temple.
|
|
Dantri
|
A1
|
Semi
compact
|
PO, Police chauki, Temple.
|
|
Pamera
|
B1
|
Semi
compact
|
PO, PS.
|
|
Sirori
|
C1
|
Semi
compact
|
PO, Dispensary.
|
|
Dattani
|
B3
|
Dispersed
|
PO, temple.
|
|
Dholpura
|
|
Dispersed
|
Temple.
|
|
Rampur Khera
|
A3
|
Dispersed
|
Temple.
|
|
Asawa
|
C1
|
Hamlet
|
Nil.
|
|
Fathepura
|
A3
|
Hamlet
|
Nil.
|
|
Bageri
|
C3
|
Hamlet
|
Nil.
|
|
Dhavli
|
B3
|
Hamlet
|
Nil.
|
|
*Source: Topographical map sheet number 45 D/10.
|
|||
COMMUNICATIONS:
Typically the region does not a poor transport region. ABU, in the hill area,
is linked eastwards by two main roads, which run south-east to Abu road and
north-east to Oriya. In the south of
this region the east-west main road links up at Karaunti with another main
road which runs parallel to the foot-hills and connects a number of settlements.
Many of the smaller settlements are linked by cart tracks which are dominant the transport
scenario. Many segments of graveled roads motorable in dry season traverse
through the region. Development of transport network has been uniform except
hilly track.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion the
region has a sharp contrast in every physical and culturalparameter. South-eastern part
is a mountain range with highest elevation 1426m where rest of the map appears as flood plain with minimum
elevation 225m. Beside this Mt. ABU is a developed settlement with
Modern facilities, Social amenities, transport and communication such as
school, college, hospital, telephone, electricity, etc. On the other hand rest
of the part of this region i.e. plain area are remain quite underdeveloped with lack of social
facilities like market, dispensary, Post office (PO), Post and telegraph office (PTO),
Police station (PS).
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